Many Athenians thought that he was undermining traditional morality and piety, and thereby corrupting the young minds of a vulnerable community. It has been suggested by some that Socrates was not a real person,6 though most scholars allow for his existence and claim that Plato was a close adherent to Socrates' philosophy. Meno finds Socrates’ explanation somehow compelling, but puzzling. As Socrates says to Anytus:For some time we have been examining … whether virtue is something that’s taught. We do not know what resulted from Meno’s mission to Athens, but we do know that he soon left Greece to serve as a commander of mercenary troops for Cyrus of Persia—in what turned out to be Cyrus’ attempt to overthrow his brother, King Artaxerxes II.Meno was young for such a position, about twenty years old, but he was a favorite of the powerful Aristippus, a fellow aristocrat who had borrowed thousands of troops from Cyrus for those power struggles in Thessaly, and was now returning many of them. And Socrates emphatically alleges that when the slave becomes aware of his own ignorance, he properly.This time Socrates apparently relents, but he warns that the rest of their discussion will be compromised by a flawed approach. Eric Weiner is author of the New York Times bestsellers The Geography of Bliss and The Geography of Genius, as well as the critically acclaimed Man Seeks God and, his latest book, The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers.A former foreign correspondent for NPR, he has reported from more than three dozen countries. Socrates argues that only knowledge is necessarily good, and the goodness or badness of everything else depends on whether it is directed by knowledge. Or is he just throwing up an abstract, defensive obstacle, so that he does not have to keep trying? Socrates Viewed by many as the founding figure of Western philosophy, Socrates (469-399 B.C.) But for now, the recently restored democracy is anxious about continuing class conflict, and fearful of renewed civil war. So in a sense, Socrates’ conclusion that something of “the truth about reality” is “always in our minds” (86b) is even roughly compatible with modern science. To that end we are asking whether good men past or present know how to bestow on another this virtue which makes them good, or whether it just isn’t something a man can give or receive from another. Agathon is presented as young, beautiful, and very clever with words. Discrimination against people because of their age is a real phenomenon. And it would not be a theoretical understanding divorced from the practice of virtue. And because Plato had loved Socrates, part of Plato's reasons for choosing the dialogue form was perhaps to keep Socrates close to him, even if he had to reinvent him as a character in order to do so. (Forgotten-but-capable-of-being-remembered is a state of cognition between complete knowledge and pure ignorance.) Whatever else might prove true or false about the notion that learning is a kind of recollection, these practical implications are what Socrates insists upon.On behalf of the rest of the theory, I wouldn’t much insist. But after the war, Socrates continued his uniquely nondemocratic yet anti-elitist, unconventional yet anti-sophistic interrogations. Then he tries to illustrate this “theory of recollection” with the example of a geometry lesson, in which Socrates refutes a slave’s incorrect answers much as he had refuted Meno, and then leads him to recognize that the correct answer is implied by his own prior true beliefs. Their executions, expropriations, and expulsions earned them the hatred of most Athenians; later “the Thirty” became known as “the Thirty Tyrants.” The extremists among them first purged their more obvious enemies, then turned to the moderates who resisted their cruelty and wanted a broader oligarchy or restricted democracy that included the thousands in the middle class. is at once the most exemplary and the strangest of the Greek philosophers. Meno refuses to pursue knowledge of virtue the hard way, and he thinks that what he hears about virtue the easy way is knowledge.After persuading Meno to take seriously his own favorite notion—that virtue is achieved through some kind of knowledge, rather than through wealth and political power—Socrates endeavors to convince Meno that learning just by hearing from others does not provide real knowledge or real virtue.
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