1 – Design,
Both show the ballast tank attached to the first stage engine bell. The first stage had a single pressure fed, thrust chamber of 36 million kgf thrust, burning LOX/Kerosene. The design was reviewed with Todd Shipyards, who concluded that it was well within their capabilities, and not too unlike making a submarine hull. Truax's basic idea was to produce a low-cost heavy launcher, a concept now called "big dumb booster". Real Scale Sea Dragon The infamous, never-built Sea Dragon rocket, in its full scale glory! To lower the cost of operation, the rocket itself was launched from the ocean, requiring little in the way of support systems. Sea Dragon was an immense, sea-launched, two-stage launch vehicle designed by Robert Truax for Aerojet in 1962. But this came just as Apollo was being cut back and the Viet Nam war was eating an ever greater amount of the US budget. 8 mm thick maraging steel was used, similar to the Aerojet 260 inch solid motor of the time. NASA Marshall gave the Aerojet designs to TRW for evaluation. A significant feature of the concept was the use of an expandable nozzle exit cone. The stage achieved a total delta V of 5.8 km/second, shutting down at orbital velocity at an altitude of 230 km and 940 km downrange from the launch point. By burnout 81 seconds later combustion chamber pressure had declined to 14 atmospheres, kerosene feed pressure to 20 atmospheres, and liquid oxygen pressure to 8.5 atmospheres.
The all-up weight was 18,000 metric tons.
The launch vehicle would be fuelled with RP-1 kerosene in port, then towed horizontally to a launch point in the open ocean. Aside from the baseline two-stage expendable version, a single-stage-to-orbit reusable vehicle with a plug nozzle was designed. Truax's basic idea was to produce a low-cost heavy launcher, a concept now called "The first stage was to be powered by a single enormous 36,000,000 kgf (350 MN; 79,000,000 lbf) thrust engine burning The second stage was also equipped with a single very large engine, in this case a 6,000,000 kgf (59 MN; 13,000,000 lbf) thrust engine burning A typical launch sequence would start with the rocket being refurbished and mated to its cargo and ballast tanks on shore. This meant accepting a larger booster with a lower … This meant accepting a larger booster with a lower … Launch would follow. and burned LOX/LH2.
The concept was proven with tests of the earlier Sea Bee and Sea Horse vehicles. After fuelling, the tanks at the launcher base would be flooded, and the vehicle would reach a vertical position in the open ocean. The concept was to achieve minimum launch costs through lower development and production costs. This is a spin-off from Real Scale Boosters, but does not require use of that pack.
NASA dissolved their Future Projects Branch (dropping almost all the manned Mars landing work).
The SpaceX Dragon, also known as Dragon 1 or Cargo Dragon, was a class of reusable cargo spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company.Dragon was launched into orbit by the company's Falcon 9 launch vehicle to resupply the International Space Station (ISS).
American sea-launched heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle. This meant accepting a larger booster with a lower performance propulsion system and higher stage dead weight then traditional NASA and USAF designs.
After separation the stage would impact the ocean 290 km downrange (one alternate was recovery and reuse of the stage). This was the only site on the continental United States that could launch directly into a polar orbit without overflying populated areas (and was later incorporated into Vandenberg). Die Sea Dragon von 1962 war das ehrgeizige Vorhaben, eine Trägerrakete mit mehr als 500 Tonnen Nutzlast zu konstruieren; und sie ist bis heute die größte Rakete, die je ernsthaft projektiert wurde.
Stage two had a burn time of 260 seconds and a low constant combustion chamber pressure of 7 atmospheres. Costs to low earth orbit were estimated to be between $60/kg and $600/kg - eg one fourth that of the Saturn V or less.
At ignition, combustion chamber pressure was 20 atmospheres, and kerosene was forced into the chamber at a pressure of 32 atmospheres and liquid oxygen at 17 atmospheres. The concept was to achieve minimum launch costs through lower development and production costs.
But one of the most impressive ideas of the era never got built: a massive rocket called the Sea Dragon, which would have been launched from the middle of the ocean.
TRW fully confirmed Aerojet's costs and engineering, a great surprise to both TRW and NASA. Aerojet was considering purchasing Sudden Ranch as a launch site for Sea Dragon. The complete vehicle was 23 m in diameter and 150 m long. Prospects for Sea Dragon essentially disappeared, and Aerojet could no longer fund it on IR&D.Many thanks to Mark C Goll for providing some of the materials on which this article was based.Sea Dragon was a two-stage design capable of putting 550 tonnes into low Earth orbit. January 1963
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