However, the UK now uses ABV as the standard to express alcohol concentration, rather than the original definition of proof. [1] The breakpoint between under and over proof was defined as 100 and was the basis for taxation. But in the U.S., a baseline was settled on in the mid 19 th century, making a 50% alcohol by volume spirit exactly “100 proof.” Thus the doubling was born. The proof measurement harks back to 16th-century England, when the government would put an extra tax on “proof spirits”—that is, liquor that contained a certain higher amount of alcohol. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. "The Origin of Alcohol Proof"(PDF). By the end of the 17th century England had introduced tests based on specific gravity for defining proof. Volume change). The measurement of alcohol content and the statement of content on bottles of alcoholic beverages is regulated by law in many countries. Officially, Canada uses US labeling stating percent alcohol by volume, although the UK proof standard may still be seen and heard. "Over-proof rum" is rum containing greater than 57% ABV or exceeding 100° UK proof. Because alcohol's flammability is highly dependent on temperature, 100 proof defined this way could range anywhere from 40–90% ABV in normal air temperatures; at 22 °C (72 °F) 100 proof would be 60% ABV.[2]. [citation needed] The UK now uses the ABV standard instead of alcohol proof. The term was originally used in England and was equal to about 1.821 times the percentage alcohol by volume (ABV). However, the gunpowder method is significantly less variable than the burn-or-no-burn method and 100 proof defined by it is traditionally defined as 57.15% ABV. The word proof is used in the sense of showing that something is true or correct. However, it was not until 1816 that a legal standard based on specific density was defined in England. That is, they would “prove” the beverage acceptable.To do so they poured some on gunpowder and lit it. Jensen, William. In England spirits were originally tested with a basic "burn-or-no-burn" test, in which alcohol that would ignite was said to be "above proof" and alcohol which would not was said to be "under proof". Today liquor is sold in most locations with labels that state its alcohol content as a percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV). It is a measure of the ethanol (a specific type of alcohol) content of an alcoholic beverage. In order to demonstrate the rum hadn't been watered down, it was "proved" by covering it with gunpowder and igniting it. Alcohol By Volume. Since 1 January 1980, the United Kingdom has used the ABV standard to measure alcohol content, as prescribed by the European Union. Alcohol proof is twice the volume percentage of ethyl alcohol (ethanol) in an alcoholic beverage. In the United States, alcohol proof is defined as twice the percentage of ABV. In the United States, it is double the percentage of ABV. Until January 1, 1980, the UK measured alcohol content using proof spirit, which was equivalent to 57.15% ABV and defined to be spirit with a specific gravity 12/13 that of water or 923 kg/m3. But in the U.S., a baseline was settled on in the mid 19th century, making a 50% alcohol by volume spirit exactly “100 proof.” Thus the doubling was born. [3] While less influenced by temperature than the simpler burn-or-no-burn test, gunpowder tests also lacked true reproducibility. If it did not burn, it was “underproof.” And if it burned too quickly it was “overproof.” The term originated in the United Kingdom and was defined as 7/4 the alcohol by volume (ABV). Since ABV is the basis for calculated alcohol proof, it's useful to know how alcohol by volume is determined. The proof system in the United States was established around 1848 and was based on percent alcohol rather than specific gravity. Factors like the grain size of gunpowder and the time it sat in the spirit impact the dissolution of potassium nitrate and therefore what would be defined as 100 proof.
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